The male fern is a cryptogamous plant, that is to say, without flowers. It has roots, stems, and leaves through which sap vessels go. Dioscorides noted in the 1st century B.C. that “wise nature gave ferns their seeds (spores) in their leaves.” This fern is called the male fern because of the vibrant appearance of its fronds, which make it different from the female fern (Athyrium filix Femina (L.) Roth), finger and more delicate. However, their reproduction system is similar. Common fern (Pteris aquilina L.) is toxic.
Male Fern Scientific Facts
- Scientific Name: Dryopteris filix-mas Schott.
- French: Fougére mâle.
- Spanish: Helecho macho.
- Environment: The male fern grows in shady and damp forests throughout Europe and America.
- Description: The fern is a vibrant plant of the Polypodiaceae family that grows from 1 to 1.5 m high. Its long, lanceolate fronds (fern leaves) grow from the rhizome (underground stem).
- Parts of the plant used medicinally: The rhizome and the root.
Healing Properties
The rhizome of the male fern contains philicine, among other substances, which can paralyze the muscles of taenia and other intestinal parasites. Thus, the worm is detached from the intestine walls and paralyzed. Then, a purgative substance is required to complete the action, expelling the worm.
The vermifuge properties of the male fern have been proven for the following intestinal parasites:
- All taeniae species.
- Bothriocephalus
- Duodenal anchislostoma.
Warning
As indicated below, a purgative substance must always be taken when the male fern is used as a vermifuge. When taking the fern, alcoholic beverages or oil must not be consumed during the whole day. Never exceed the dose of 10 grams of extract. In higher doses, it produces nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Toxicity can occur when used in large doses and can cause albuminuria, muscle weakness, convulsions, and jaundice. The use of this plant requires medical supervision. People suffering from anemia, gastritis, gastro-duodenal ulcer, or heart disorders must abstain from using this fern.
How to use Male Fern
- Powder of rhizome and root. The recommended dose is 5 grams in the morning and 5 grams at night (half this dose for children). Fifteen minutes later, take two spoonfuls of any saline purgative (sodium or magnesium sulfate). Castor bean oil is not recommended in this case.
- Ether extract (obtained with ether). Take 3-5 grams of this fern-root extract on an empty stomach, prepared in pharmacies, and usually presented as capsules of 0.5 grams (six to ten capsules). These capsules typically contain a small dose of a purgative substance, so taking another dose is unnecessary.
Frequently Asked Question
Can male ferns help with intestinal parasites?
Yes, traditionally, it has been used for this purpose. The plant contains phloroglucinols that can paralyze and expel certain intestinal worms, particularly tapeworms. However, it’s crucial to consult a doctor before self-medicating with the plant, as improper dosage or use can be toxic.
Are there historical records of male fern’s medicinal use?
Yes, extensive records exist. The plant’s use dates back to ancient Greece and Rome. Renowned physicians like Dioscorides and Theophrastus documented its use for expelling parasites. It remained a popular remedy for centuries.
Does male fern have any anti-inflammatory properties?
Potentially. Studies suggest that extracts from the plant may possess anti-inflammatory effects. However, more research in humans is needed to confirm these benefits and determine the most effective dosages.
Can male fern be used for rheumatoid arthritis?
There’s limited evidence for this use. Some small studies have suggested the plant’s potential benefits in reducing inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis. However, more extensive and rigorous studies are needed to confirm this.
Is male fern safe for everyone to use?
No, it has significant safety concerns. It should not be used by pregnant or breastfeeding women, children, or those with liver or kidney problems. Overdosing can cause serious side effects, including blindness and even death.
Can male ferns interact with any medications?
Yes, it can interact with several medications. The plant can affect how the body processes certain drugs, potentially increasing or decreasing their effectiveness. Before using this plant, consult your doctor if you take other medications.
Are there topical uses for male ferns?
Historically, yes, but exercise caution. Traditionally, it was applied topically for wounds and ulcers. Modern research is limited in its effectiveness and safety for topical use, and its potential toxicity is a concern.
Does male fern have antioxidant properties?
Yes, it contains antioxidants. Studies have shown that male fern extracts have antioxidant activity, which could potentially protect cells from damage.
Is a specific part of the male fern plant used medicinally?
Yes, the rhizome. The rhizome, the underground stem of the fern, contains active medicinal compounds.
Where can I find reliable information about male fern supplements?
Consult trustworthy sources. The National Institutes of Health (https://ods.od.nih.gov/), reputable medical websites (Mayo Clinic, WebMD), and peer-reviewed scientific journals offer accurate information on male fern.
DISCLAIMER: All content on this website is presented solely for educational and informational objectives. Do not rely on the information provided as a replacement for advice, diagnosis, or treatment from a qualified medical expert. If you are pregnant, nursing, or have any preexisting medical concerns, talk to your doctor before using any herbal or natural medicines.
REFERENCES
- George D. Pamplona-Roger, M.D. “Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants.” George D. Pamplona-Roger, M.D. Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Ed. Francesc X. Gelabert. vols. 2 San Fernando de Henares: Editorial Safeliz, 2000. 500. Print.
- National Institutes of Health (NIH): https://www.nih.gov/
- Journal of Ethnopharmacology: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-ethnopharmacology
- Phytomedicine: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/phytomedicine
- Hindawi Journal – https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/
- WebMD: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-720/male-fern
- Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/
- BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine: https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/
- Plants For A Future (PFAF): https://pfaf.org/
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) – https://ods.od.nih.gov/