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Dioscorides stated in his writings that the bird’s tongue tree leaves help people who have been snake bit. Laguna and Mattioli, both Dioscorides translators and commentators in the 16th century, went far beyond saying that snakes fear the bird’s tongue tree and never dare to go close to that tree.
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We do not know why those outstanding physicians bestowed such properties upon the bird’s tongue tree, and modern scientific research has not been able to prove these actions.
Bird’s Tongue Scientific Facts
- Scientific name: Fraxinus excelsior L.
- Other names: European tree, common ash tree.
- French: Fréne.
- Spanish: Fresno.
- Environment: It grows in moist places, especially along riverbanks. It has been naturalized in North America.
- Description: Deciduous tree of the Oleaceae family (the same family the olive tree belongs to), growing up to 20 m high or even more. It has a smooth trunk, compound leaves with an odd number of folioles (usually nine or 11), and dry, winged hanging in clusters.
- Parts of the plant used medicinally: The leaves and the bark.
Bird’s Tongue Healing Properties
Bird’s tongue tree leaves contain flavonic glycoside (quercetin), coumarin, malic acid, copper, iron, and tannin. They have diuretic, depurative, and laxative properties. They are recommended for arthritis (rheumatism caused by an excess of uric acid), gout, and kidney stones (the leaves promote the elimination of urate and oxalate crystals, which form calculi) and to fight constipation.
The bird’s tongue tree BARK contains glycoside (fraxin) and various sugars and resins. It has febrifuge and astringent properties and was once used as a substitute for quinine. It also has appetizer and digestive properties.
The so-called MANA TEARS, or mana, are obtained from the solidified sap of two bird’s tongue tree species growing in southern Italy and Sicily: Fraxinus ornus L. and Fraxinus rotundifolia Miller. Mana is a very effective and reliable laxative substance with a pleasant flavor, making it highly recommended for children.
American Ash Tree
The American ash tree (Chionanthus virginica L.) grows in North America and belongs to the same botanical family as the European ash tree, Oleaceae. This bark is used for its febrifuge (decreases fever), digestive, and stimulating properties, as decoction prepared with a tablespoonful (3 grams) of ground bark per cup of water. Drink two cups daily.
How to use Bird’s Tongue
- Decoction or infusion of leaves, with 30 grams per liter of water. To enhance its effects, some lemon juice can be added to it. Drink three cups daily.
- Bark decoction, with 40 grams per liter of water. Drink two or three cups a day.
- Mana tears – Take 10 to 30 grams dissolved in a glass of hot water on an empty stomach in the morning. During the day, its laxative effects will be attained. For children, reduce the dosage according to their age.
Frequently Asked Questions
What parts of the bird’s tongue plant are used traditionally?
Traditionally, the LEAVES, BARK, and sometimes the SEEDS of the bird’s tongue plant (European ash) are utilized for their purported health benefits.
Are there different ways to prepare the plant for use?
Yes, preparations include:
1. Decoction: Boiling bark or leaves to extract compounds.
2. Infusion (Tea): Steeping leaves in hot water.
3. Tincture: Soaking plant material in alcohol.
4. Topical application: Creating poultices or compresses.
What are the traditional uses of bird’s tongue plant?
Historically, it has been used for:
1. Joint discomfort: Thought to have anti-inflammatory effects.
2. Gout: A metabolic condition causing painful, swollen joints.
3. Diuretic: Helping flush fluids from the body.
4. Mild laxative: Promoting bowel movements.
Is there scientific evidence to support these claims?
Limited scientific research exists on the bird’s tongue plant. Some studies suggest potential benefits, but more conclusive research is needed:
1. Anti-inflammatory effects: Laboratory studies show some anti-inflammatory activity, but human studies must confirm this.
2. Gout: Limited evidence suggests it may have some effect on uric acid levels relevant to gout, but more research is required.
What are the active compounds in bird’s tongue plant?
Key compounds include:
1. Flavonoids: Antioxidants with potential health benefits.
2. Coumarins: May have anti-inflammatory effects.
3. Iridoids: May have activity against inflammation and pain.
Are there any safety fears with using bird’s tongue plant?
While generally considered safe in moderation, potential concerns include:
1. Possible interactions with medications: Consult your doctor if you take any medications.
2. Potential diuretic effects could lead to dehydration if fluids are not replenished.
3. Allergic reactions: Possible, especially for those with pollen allergies.
Who should avoid using bird’s tongue plant?
Avoid use in the following cases:
1. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Safety is not established.
2. Children: Insufficient safety information.
3. Individuals on blood-thinning medications: Potential interactions.
What are the possible side effects?
Generally well-tolerated, but may include:
1. Mild stomach upset
2. Increased urination
3. Allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
Where can I find reliable information about bird’s tongue plant?
Trusted sources include:
1. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Database of scientific literature.
2. WebMD: https://www.webmd.com/ Information on herbs and supplements.
3. Reputable herbal medicine resources: Consult books or websites from established herbalists.
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DISCLAIMER: All content on this website is presented solely for educational and informational objectives. Do not rely on the information provided as a replacement for advice, diagnosis, or treatment from a qualified medical expert. If you are pregnant, nursing, or have any preexisting medical concerns, talk to your doctor before using any herbal or natural medicines.
REFERENCES
- George D. Pamplona-Roger, M.D. “Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants.” George D. Pamplona-Roger, M.D. Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Ed. Francesc X. Gelabert. vols. 2 San Fernando de Henares: Editorial Safeliz, 2000. 669. Print.
- https://www.ema.europa.eu/en
- ESCOP Monographs https://escop.com/
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) https://www.nih.gov/
- Health (NCCIH) https://www.nccih.nih.gov/
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