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The powdered root of the American spikenard plant is helpful for coughs, asthma, and rheumatism. If taken before labor, it can make childbirth easier. Native Americans used the herb to treat backaches. For external applications, they would pound the root into a pulp and use it for poultices. It can be used for inflammations, bruises, swelling, skin problems, and wounds. Fomentations of the plant can be placed over the chest to remedy internal pains.
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The plant can reach forty-eight inches in height with beautiful foliage. The greenish-white small flower clusters grow in the summer, while their showy clusters of small red-purple berries grow in the fall. The American spikenard plant is also called the Life-of-Man plant. The large roots of spikenard, at times referred to as “Nard,” are aromatic and spicy.
Spikenard root’s flavor is like milder licorice. Native Americans were among the first to use it as a medicinal herb. Eventually, early settlers came to use the root to treat various symptoms and health conditions. American spikenard herb is also known to grow in the wild. It prefers medium-wet rich soil and partial shade to full sun. However, the not-that-tasty berries produced in the fall can be consumed. The birds love them and happily eat them up.
Whenever in season, the berries make it easy to distinguish this plant. It has a ginseng-like facade, and the stems are dark maroon to black. The leaves are enormous, dark to light green colored, and have heart-shaped, oval leaflets with pointed tips and toothed margins.
NOTE: The American spikenard plant is a close relative of sarsaparilla. Another herb is “spikenard” (Aralia nudicaulis), or wild sarsaparilla; its medicinal properties are similar to sarsaparilla.
American Spikenard Plant Scientific Facts
1. Scientific name—Aralia racemose.
2. Parts of the plant used medicinally—Rootstock and roots.
3. Properties—Stimulant, expectorant, and diaphoretic.
How to use
1. Infusion—Steep for one to two teaspoons of powdered rootstock and roots in one cup of water and take one to two cups daily.
Spikenard Seeds – How to Grow
The spikenard plant seeds need to be scarified and stratified. Use a file to scratch the seed coat surface. All that is required is a slight light abrasion. Get some moistened peat moss to place the seed, seal it, and refrigerate it in a container for forty to sixty days. Periodically check if additional moisture is needed.
After performing these tasks, sow the spikenard plant seeds indoors. Later you can transplant the plant to your herb garden once the first true leaves have developed. Another way to sow the seeds is to put them directly into the garden in the late fall. The elements and cold weather will serve to stratify and scarify the seeds.
Frequently Asked Questions
I’ve heard American spikenard can be aggressive. Is this true, and if so, how can I manage it?
While American spikenard isn’t considered invasive, it can spread enthusiastically via rhizomes. If you’re concerned about it taking over, consider planting it in a container or a bed with physical barriers. Alternatively, regular division in early spring can help keep it in check.
What less-known companion plants pair well with American spikenard in a woodland setting?
Beyond the usual suspects like ferns and hostas, consider pairing American spikenard with:
1. Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa): Its similar height and late-summer blooms create a dramatic pairing.
2. Wild ginger (Asarum canadense): Its lush foliage contrasts beautifully with the spikenard’s upright stems.
3. Foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia): Its delicate flowers and foliage complement the spikenard’s bolder presence.
Can I grow American spikenard from seed, and what’s the best approach?
Yes, but be patient! Seeds often require cold stratification for several months. Sow them in late fall or early winter in a prepared bed, or stratify them in the refrigerator before planting in spring. Germination can take several months, but the reward is worth the wait.
Are the berries of American spikenard truly edible for humans? If so, how are they best used?
The berries are edible, though not everyone enjoys their unique flavor. Some describe it as spicy or peppery with hints of citrus. They can be eaten raw, but they’re often cooked into jams, jellies, or used to flavor drinks.
How does American spikenard contribute to the ecosystem beyond its ornamental value?
American spikenard is a valuable plant for pollinators, particularly bees and butterflies. Its berries also provide a food source for birds in late summer and fall. Additionally, its deep roots help prevent soil erosion.
I’ve seen cultivars of American spikenard mentioned. What are some notable options and their distinguishing features?
While not widely available, a few cultivars exist:
1. ‘Atropurpurea‘: Noted for its darker, purple-tinged stems.
2. ‘Sun King‘: A more compact variety that tolerates some sun.
What are some traditional medicinal uses of American spikenard by Native American tribes?
Various tribes used American spikenard for multiple respiratory, digestive, and skin ailments. Root infusions were particularly valued for their healing properties.
Does American spikenard have any symbolism or folklore associated with it?
Some sources suggest American spikenard was associated with protection and healing in certain Native American traditions. Its impressive stature and vibrant berries may have contributed to these associations.
What soil conditions does American spikenard thrive in, and can it tolerate clay soil?
American spikenard prefers moist, well-draining soil rich in organic matter. While it can tolerate some clay, amending the soil with compost can improve drainage and overall plant health.
I’m interested in the historical use of American spikenard. Was it ever used commercially?
In the 19th century, American spikenard roots were harvested and sold commercially for medicinal purposes. The plant’s popularity led to overharvesting in some areas, contributing to its decline in the wild.
DISCLAIMER: All content on this website is presented solely for educational and informational objectives. Do not rely on the information provided as a replacement for advice, diagnosis, or treatment from a qualified medical expert. If you are pregnant, nursing, or have any preexisting medical concerns, talk to your doctor before using any herbal or natural medicines.
REFERENCES
- Vance Ferrell Harold M. Cherne, M.D. The Natural Remedies Encyclopedia [Book]. – Altamont, TN: Harvestime Books, 2010. – Vol. Seventh Edition: 7: pp. 181.
- Native American Ethnobotany Database: http://naeb.brit.org
- Go Botany (Native Plant Trust): https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/aralia/racemosa
- The Native Plant Gardener: https://nativeplantgardener.ca/american-spikenard
- Prairie Moon Nursery: https://www.prairiemoon.com/aralia-racemosa-spikenard
Last update on 2024-07-25 / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API